Shot Types + What's happening.
Wide Shot (WS)
- set the scene.
Long Shot (LS)
- Head and toe visible.
Medium Shot (MS)
- Head to waist. (often a 2 person conversation)
Medium Close Up (MCU)
- Head and shoulder, over the shoulder and great for showing facial expressions.
Close up (CU)
- Close up of an aspect of the character (usually the face but can be other parts such as a hand)
Big Close Up/Extreme Close Up (BCU/ECU)
-Extreme Detail and rarely used to have a strong effect.
Over the Shoulder (OTS)
-Shot from behind a person at the subject, used for conversations or to show something from a characters point of view.
High angle makes subject looks small and weak.
low angle makes subject look big and powerful.
Unusual Perspective can be used to surprise the audience or show danger. (e.g. looking down a cliff)
Thursday 30 April 2015
Wednesday 22 April 2015
BBC News at Six: Case Study
Basic details
1;What do the letters BBC stand for?
British Broadcasting Corporation
2:How is the BBC funded?
The BBC is funded by Licence Fees
3:What is the BBC's famous mission statement? (Clue: it's three words)
Inform, Educate and Entertain
4:What is BBC1's programme remit?
BBC One's remit is to be the BBC's most popular mixed-genre television service across the UK, offering a wide range of high quality programmes. It should be the BBC's primary outlet for major UK and international events and it should reflect the whole of the UK in its output. A very high proportion of its programmes should be original productions.
5:How does the BBC News at Six fit into BBC1's remit?
They show content that reflects the views of the whole UK rather than just their own personal views.
Presenters
1: Who are the presenters of BBC News at Six?
The main presenters are Fiona Bruce, Sophie Raworth and Huw Edwards
2:What are the presenters wearing? What does this communicate to the audience?
The presenters are wearing typical formal attire, ie. Suits.
3:Why might a TV News programme use a variety of presenters?
A TV News programme would use a variety of presenters because it will engage a larger audience from different backgrounds. Potentially improving ratings.
4:How are other reporters or presenters used in the TV news programme?
There is one presenter that presents the main headlines and separate presenters for the stories and London News.
5: Is there a balance between male and female presenters? What about race/ethnicity? What effect might these aspects have on an audience?
There is a variety of presenters. This may cause the audience to consist of both genders and will include some from various ethnic backgrounds.
Opening sequence
Analyse the opening 2 minutes of the programme.
1:What is the very first shot?
Is a reporter summarising stories about the Nepal earthquake.
2:How does the opening sequence use graphics or images to grab the attention of the audience?
The opening sequence graphics are of the world probably to show that they cover news stories from across the globe.
3:How is music used in the opening sequence?
The music begins at the beginning of the graphics and fades into the beginning of the coverage of the first news headline.
4:How are news stories introduced in the opening two minutes? Is there just one story or are the audience told what will be coming up later?
Most of the time is taken up by the top headline however some information about the other stories that are to be shown are given.
Studio mise-en-scene
1:What aspects of the studio can be seen by the audience?
2:Are the presenters standing or behind desks? Why do you think this is?
The Presenters are sitting behind the desk because it is more formal than standing or sitting on a sofa.
3:Are journalists or technology visible? What might these things suggest to the audience?
Technology is visible throughout this could suggest to the audience that they have the most recent facts.
4:How does the studio use colour?
The studio sticks to a consistent red colour theme.
How news stories are presented
1:How does the news programme typically present a story?
They typically present the news stories with voice overs on videos and images.
2:What difference techniques does the programme use to present the news?
presenter to camera, reporter on location, interviews, and voice overs on videos and images.
4:What types of news does the TV News programme typically cover? Give five examples (e.g. politics, international, sport etc.)
World, Political, Health, Education and sport.
5:Give two real examples of how news stories are presented to keep the interest of the audience.
The General Election, Interviews, Coverage with voice overs.
Nepalese Earthquakes, Filmed on location, Interviews, Citizen Journalism.
Running order
Watch the first 15 minutes of the programme – as recent as you can find.
1:What is the top story?
The earthquakes in Nepal.
2:How long does the top story last for?
Approx. 10 Minutes
3:What are the other stories the programme does or will cover? List them in the order they are presented in (the ‘running order’).
The Assaults by Australian Nurse
General Election
4:How long is each story shown for?
5 Minutes Approx
5:Why do you think each story was shown for the time it was?
It allowed for sufficient coverage.
Audience
1:What is the target audience for this BBC News at Six? Research online – you should be able to find plenty of suggestions to the target audience if not the official target audience of the programme.
Over 35 Years old
2:What are the viewing figures for BBC News at Six?
9.6 million on average per week.
3:Why might someone choose to watch this TV news programme over others?
They are a reliable source. It is also on at a time when the audience are home from work.
4:Is there an opportunity for the audience to get involved in the programme or comment?
They Can get involved on twitter.
5:What audience pleasures (Uses and Gratifications theory – Blumler and Katz) does the programme offer?
It lets people know what is going on around the world despite not being there.
Institution
1:What other news programmes and services does the BBC offer in addition to the BBC News at Six?
The BBC has several radio shows, entertainment, lifestyle, knowledge and sport news.
2:What role does OFCOM have in making sure TV News is fair and accurate?
OFCOM set regulations for most TV and Radio Shows. Section 5 ensures that news, in whatever form, is reported with due accuracy and presented with due impartially. However, BBC News is NOT regulated by OFCOM, it is regulated by BBC Trust which has similar rules.
TV News and New/Digital Media
1:Does the TV News programme have a dedicated website?
Yes, http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b007mpkn
2:What does the website offer viewers?
The Website allows all viewers to read all news stories in as much detail as possible. It shows the most recent news, some that might be so recent it hasn't been shown on TV yet. It also lets people read stories from previous days.
3:Does the TV News programme have a Twitter feed?
Yes
4:How does the Twitter feed promote the programme?
They promote their programme by re-tweeting/tweeting about interesting stories that'll interest people who are not already viewing their TV News Show. This could also be seen as an attempt to attract a younger audience.
5:Is there an opportunity for the audience to get involved in the programme or submit news stories?
There are only some opportunities for the audience to get involved
1;What do the letters BBC stand for?
British Broadcasting Corporation
2:How is the BBC funded?
The BBC is funded by Licence Fees
3:What is the BBC's famous mission statement? (Clue: it's three words)
Inform, Educate and Entertain
4:What is BBC1's programme remit?
BBC One's remit is to be the BBC's most popular mixed-genre television service across the UK, offering a wide range of high quality programmes. It should be the BBC's primary outlet for major UK and international events and it should reflect the whole of the UK in its output. A very high proportion of its programmes should be original productions.
5:How does the BBC News at Six fit into BBC1's remit?
They show content that reflects the views of the whole UK rather than just their own personal views.
Presenters
1: Who are the presenters of BBC News at Six?
The main presenters are Fiona Bruce, Sophie Raworth and Huw Edwards
2:What are the presenters wearing? What does this communicate to the audience?
The presenters are wearing typical formal attire, ie. Suits.
3:Why might a TV News programme use a variety of presenters?
A TV News programme would use a variety of presenters because it will engage a larger audience from different backgrounds. Potentially improving ratings.
4:How are other reporters or presenters used in the TV news programme?
There is one presenter that presents the main headlines and separate presenters for the stories and London News.
5: Is there a balance between male and female presenters? What about race/ethnicity? What effect might these aspects have on an audience?
There is a variety of presenters. This may cause the audience to consist of both genders and will include some from various ethnic backgrounds.
Opening sequence
Analyse the opening 2 minutes of the programme.
1:What is the very first shot?
Is a reporter summarising stories about the Nepal earthquake.
2:How does the opening sequence use graphics or images to grab the attention of the audience?
The opening sequence graphics are of the world probably to show that they cover news stories from across the globe.
3:How is music used in the opening sequence?
The music begins at the beginning of the graphics and fades into the beginning of the coverage of the first news headline.
4:How are news stories introduced in the opening two minutes? Is there just one story or are the audience told what will be coming up later?
Most of the time is taken up by the top headline however some information about the other stories that are to be shown are given.
Studio mise-en-scene
1:What aspects of the studio can be seen by the audience?
2:Are the presenters standing or behind desks? Why do you think this is?
The Presenters are sitting behind the desk because it is more formal than standing or sitting on a sofa.
3:Are journalists or technology visible? What might these things suggest to the audience?
Technology is visible throughout this could suggest to the audience that they have the most recent facts.
4:How does the studio use colour?
The studio sticks to a consistent red colour theme.
How news stories are presented
1:How does the news programme typically present a story?
They typically present the news stories with voice overs on videos and images.
2:What difference techniques does the programme use to present the news?
presenter to camera, reporter on location, interviews, and voice overs on videos and images.
4:What types of news does the TV News programme typically cover? Give five examples (e.g. politics, international, sport etc.)
World, Political, Health, Education and sport.
5:Give two real examples of how news stories are presented to keep the interest of the audience.
The General Election, Interviews, Coverage with voice overs.
Nepalese Earthquakes, Filmed on location, Interviews, Citizen Journalism.
Running order
Watch the first 15 minutes of the programme – as recent as you can find.
1:What is the top story?
The earthquakes in Nepal.
2:How long does the top story last for?
Approx. 10 Minutes
3:What are the other stories the programme does or will cover? List them in the order they are presented in (the ‘running order’).
The Assaults by Australian Nurse
General Election
4:How long is each story shown for?
5 Minutes Approx
5:Why do you think each story was shown for the time it was?
It allowed for sufficient coverage.
Audience
1:What is the target audience for this BBC News at Six? Research online – you should be able to find plenty of suggestions to the target audience if not the official target audience of the programme.
Over 35 Years old
2:What are the viewing figures for BBC News at Six?
9.6 million on average per week.
3:Why might someone choose to watch this TV news programme over others?
They are a reliable source. It is also on at a time when the audience are home from work.
4:Is there an opportunity for the audience to get involved in the programme or comment?
They Can get involved on twitter.
5:What audience pleasures (Uses and Gratifications theory – Blumler and Katz) does the programme offer?
It lets people know what is going on around the world despite not being there.
Institution
1:What other news programmes and services does the BBC offer in addition to the BBC News at Six?
The BBC has several radio shows, entertainment, lifestyle, knowledge and sport news.
2:What role does OFCOM have in making sure TV News is fair and accurate?
OFCOM set regulations for most TV and Radio Shows. Section 5 ensures that news, in whatever form, is reported with due accuracy and presented with due impartially. However, BBC News is NOT regulated by OFCOM, it is regulated by BBC Trust which has similar rules.
TV News and New/Digital Media
1:Does the TV News programme have a dedicated website?
Yes, http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b007mpkn
2:What does the website offer viewers?
The Website allows all viewers to read all news stories in as much detail as possible. It shows the most recent news, some that might be so recent it hasn't been shown on TV yet. It also lets people read stories from previous days.
3:Does the TV News programme have a Twitter feed?
Yes
4:How does the Twitter feed promote the programme?
They promote their programme by re-tweeting/tweeting about interesting stories that'll interest people who are not already viewing their TV News Show. This could also be seen as an attempt to attract a younger audience.
5:Is there an opportunity for the audience to get involved in the programme or submit news stories?
There are only some opportunities for the audience to get involved
Tuesday 21 April 2015
Channel 4: Case Study
Basic Details
1: When is Channel 4 News on?
Channel News is shown at 7pm, Monday - Friday and lasts for 55 minutes.
2: When was the programme first broadcast?
The programme was first broadcast with the channel in 1982.
3: What awards has the programme won?
Channel 4 News have won several awards Including:
- British Academy Television Award for Best News and Current Affairs Journalism.
- British Academy Television Award for Best News Coverage
- International Emmy Award for News.
4: What is the media institution that produces Channel 4 News?
The media institution that produces is Channel 4 News is ITN.
Presenters
1: Who are the presenters?
The Presenters are: Jon Snow, Krishnan Guru-Murthy, Matt Frei and Cathy Newman.
2: What are the presenters wearing? What does this communicate to the audience?
The presenters are wearing formal attire however in the case of Jon Snow he has a varied choice of ties which has a slightly informal effect but also makes them seem approachable.
3: Why might a TV News programme use a variety of presenters?
A TV News programme would use a variety of presenters because it will engage a larger audience from different backgrounds. Potentially improving ratings.
4: How are other reporters or presenters used in the TV News programme?
The three main presenters all take part in various reports, interviews and investigations. There are however, different editors for different fields of news.
5: Is there a balance between male and female presenters? What about race/ethnicity? What effect might these aspects have on an audience?
One third of the presenters are of an ethnic minority and one third are female. This may cause the audience to consist of both genders and will include some from various ethnic backgrounds.
Opening Sequence
1:What is the very first shot?
The Very first shot consists of the Channel 4 Logo and then cuts to a clip of the main headline.
2:How does the opening sequence use graphics or images to grab the attention of the audience? The use of the graphics grabs the audiences attention because the vibrant purple, pink and orange on the white background makes the brand seem clean and modern.
3:How is music used in the opening sequence?
The opening fanfare plays immediately after the presenter has introduced the main headline and ends before the other begins talking about a news story
4:How are news stories introduced in the opening two minutes? Is there just one story or are the audience told what will be coming up later?
A Presenter only introduces one story at the beginning, however, during the opening sequence
Three images are displayed. They could either be related to the story introduced beforehand or are for a different news story entirely.
Studio Mise-en-scene
1:What aspects of the studio can be seen by the audience? (Desk, cameras etc.)
The things in the studio that can be seen are: a desk, a screen that is used in the background during
stories and the lights above that seem to be in the shape of a 4.
2:Are the presenters standing or behind desks? Why do you think this is?
The presenter tend to be standing, this could be due to the fact that Channel 4 News is aimed at a slightly younger age group therefore has some informality to make them seem more approachable.
3:Are journalists or technology visible? What might these things suggest to the audience?
Technology is visible throughout this could suggest to the audience that they have the most recent facts.
4:How does the studio use colour?
The studio tends to be white and purple with some variations in the very back and also within the graphics. This makes the reader feel like Channel 4 news is modern, especially towards the
younger viewers.
How news stories are presented
1:How does the news programme typically present a story?
They typically present the news stories with voice overs on videos and images.
2:What difference techniques does the programme use to present the news? (E.g. presenter to camera, reporter on location, interviews, graphics, images, video etc.)
Channel 4 news tend to present the news in several different ways: Reporters on Location, Video/Images with voice overs, Interviews, experts and the usual in studio.
3:What types of news does the TV News programme typically cover? Give five examples (e.g. politics, international, sport etc.)
Channel 4 News Typically Covers, Crisis', Political, Online , Homicide and War/terror threats.
4: Give two real examples of how news stories presented to keep the interest of the audience.
The Habbo Hotel Scandal was presented in a way to keep the interest of the audience. The presented it using an investigation, which included first hand experience and accounts from a producer of Channel 4 News and a Child safety expert.
Running Order
1:What is the top story?
The top story is the most important story of the day so far regardless of whether it is local, national or worldwide. In this case, it is the 'Migrant Crisis'
2:How long does the top story last for?
The top story tends to get the most coverage, it usually includes interviews and sometimes investigations by one of the presenters or editors. This one lasts for about 15 minutes.
3:What are the other stories the programme does or will cover? List them in the order they are presented in (the ‘running order’).
A) 'Migrant Crisis'
B) The General Election
C) 'Woman dies after taking 'diet pills' bought over the internet.
D) US Inmates Wrongly Convicted & Freed Decades Later
E) Campaigns in Northern Ireland
F) Diary of a Homeless Girl
G) Google Search Overhaul Could Spark 'Mobilegeddon'
4:How long is each story shown for?
With the exception of the main stories, each is shown for, on average 2,3,4 or 5 minutes.
5:Why do you think each story was shown for the time it was?
The 'less important' stories are shown for a shorter amount of time.
Audience
1:What is the target audience for this TV News programme? Research online – you should be able to find plenty of suggestions to the target audience if not the official target audience of the programme.
18-30 Year Olds
2:Why might someone choose to watch this TV News programme over others?
People might choose to watch Channel 4 News over other News TV Shows because rather than
waiting for other people to find the latest on some stories, they launch investigations an often use presenters and professionals, this in turn makes them very different. The presenters also express their own opinion which could easily become quite controversial.
1: When is Channel 4 News on?
Channel News is shown at 7pm, Monday - Friday and lasts for 55 minutes.
2: When was the programme first broadcast?
The programme was first broadcast with the channel in 1982.
3: What awards has the programme won?
Channel 4 News have won several awards Including:
- British Academy Television Award for Best News and Current Affairs Journalism.
- British Academy Television Award for Best News Coverage
- International Emmy Award for News.
4: What is the media institution that produces Channel 4 News?
The media institution that produces is Channel 4 News is ITN.
Presenters
1: Who are the presenters?
The Presenters are: Jon Snow, Krishnan Guru-Murthy, Matt Frei and Cathy Newman.
2: What are the presenters wearing? What does this communicate to the audience?
The presenters are wearing formal attire however in the case of Jon Snow he has a varied choice of ties which has a slightly informal effect but also makes them seem approachable.
3: Why might a TV News programme use a variety of presenters?
A TV News programme would use a variety of presenters because it will engage a larger audience from different backgrounds. Potentially improving ratings.
4: How are other reporters or presenters used in the TV News programme?
The three main presenters all take part in various reports, interviews and investigations. There are however, different editors for different fields of news.
5: Is there a balance between male and female presenters? What about race/ethnicity? What effect might these aspects have on an audience?
One third of the presenters are of an ethnic minority and one third are female. This may cause the audience to consist of both genders and will include some from various ethnic backgrounds.
Opening Sequence
1:What is the very first shot?
The Very first shot consists of the Channel 4 Logo and then cuts to a clip of the main headline.
2:How does the opening sequence use graphics or images to grab the attention of the audience? The use of the graphics grabs the audiences attention because the vibrant purple, pink and orange on the white background makes the brand seem clean and modern.
3:How is music used in the opening sequence?
The opening fanfare plays immediately after the presenter has introduced the main headline and ends before the other begins talking about a news story
4:How are news stories introduced in the opening two minutes? Is there just one story or are the audience told what will be coming up later?
A Presenter only introduces one story at the beginning, however, during the opening sequence
Three images are displayed. They could either be related to the story introduced beforehand or are for a different news story entirely.
Studio Mise-en-scene
1:What aspects of the studio can be seen by the audience? (Desk, cameras etc.)
The things in the studio that can be seen are: a desk, a screen that is used in the background during
stories and the lights above that seem to be in the shape of a 4.
2:Are the presenters standing or behind desks? Why do you think this is?
The presenter tend to be standing, this could be due to the fact that Channel 4 News is aimed at a slightly younger age group therefore has some informality to make them seem more approachable.
3:Are journalists or technology visible? What might these things suggest to the audience?
Technology is visible throughout this could suggest to the audience that they have the most recent facts.
4:How does the studio use colour?
The studio tends to be white and purple with some variations in the very back and also within the graphics. This makes the reader feel like Channel 4 news is modern, especially towards the
younger viewers.
How news stories are presented
1:How does the news programme typically present a story?
They typically present the news stories with voice overs on videos and images.
2:What difference techniques does the programme use to present the news? (E.g. presenter to camera, reporter on location, interviews, graphics, images, video etc.)
Channel 4 news tend to present the news in several different ways: Reporters on Location, Video/Images with voice overs, Interviews, experts and the usual in studio.
3:What types of news does the TV News programme typically cover? Give five examples (e.g. politics, international, sport etc.)
Channel 4 News Typically Covers, Crisis', Political, Online , Homicide and War/terror threats.
4: Give two real examples of how news stories presented to keep the interest of the audience.
The Habbo Hotel Scandal was presented in a way to keep the interest of the audience. The presented it using an investigation, which included first hand experience and accounts from a producer of Channel 4 News and a Child safety expert.
Running Order
1:What is the top story?
The top story is the most important story of the day so far regardless of whether it is local, national or worldwide. In this case, it is the 'Migrant Crisis'
2:How long does the top story last for?
The top story tends to get the most coverage, it usually includes interviews and sometimes investigations by one of the presenters or editors. This one lasts for about 15 minutes.
3:What are the other stories the programme does or will cover? List them in the order they are presented in (the ‘running order’).
A) 'Migrant Crisis'
B) The General Election
C) 'Woman dies after taking 'diet pills' bought over the internet.
D) US Inmates Wrongly Convicted & Freed Decades Later
E) Campaigns in Northern Ireland
F) Diary of a Homeless Girl
G) Google Search Overhaul Could Spark 'Mobilegeddon'
4:How long is each story shown for?
With the exception of the main stories, each is shown for, on average 2,3,4 or 5 minutes.
5:Why do you think each story was shown for the time it was?
The 'less important' stories are shown for a shorter amount of time.
Audience
1:What is the target audience for this TV News programme? Research online – you should be able to find plenty of suggestions to the target audience if not the official target audience of the programme.
18-30 Year Olds
2:Why might someone choose to watch this TV News programme over others?
People might choose to watch Channel 4 News over other News TV Shows because rather than
waiting for other people to find the latest on some stories, they launch investigations an often use presenters and professionals, this in turn makes them very different. The presenters also express their own opinion which could easily become quite controversial.
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